Glossary

Plain-English definitions for African and Caribbean startup, fintech, and AI terms.

AfCFTA

African Continental Free Trade Area — single market across 54 African countries.

AIO

AI Optimization — making content citable by ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, and Gemini.

ARR

Annual Recurring Revenue — yearly value of subscription contracts.

BVN

Bank Verification Number — Nigeria's unique financial identifier for KYC.

CAC

Corporate Affairs Commission — Nigeria's business registry.

CAC (metric)

Customer Acquisition Cost — total spend to acquire one paying customer.

CIPC

South Africa's Companies and Intellectual Property Commission for business registration.

ECOWAS

Economic Community of West African States — 15-country trade bloc.

Edge Function

Server code that runs close to users on a global edge network for low latency.

Flutterwave

Pan-African payment platform supporting cards, Mobile Money, and bank transfers across 30+ countries.

KYC

Know Your Customer — identity verification required for African financial products.

LLM

Large Language Model — AI model trained on vast text to generate human-like responses.

LTV

Lifetime Value — total revenue expected from one customer over time.

M-Pesa

Kenya's dominant mobile money service operated by Safaricom, with over 50M users.

Mobile Money

A mobile-phone-based service for storing and transferring funds, dominant across Africa via M-Pesa, MTN MoMo, and Airtel Money.

MTN MoMo

Mobile money service operated by MTN across 17 African countries.

MVP

Minimum Viable Product — the smallest version of a product that delivers value.

NIN

National Identification Number — Nigeria's universal ID required for SIM and banking.

Paystack

Nigerian payment processor (Stripe-acquired) widely used across West Africa.

PLG

Product-Led Growth — using the product itself as the main acquisition channel.

RAG

Retrieval-Augmented Generation — an LLM pattern that grounds answers in your own data.

RLS

Row Level Security — database rule that limits which rows a user can read or write.

SEO

Search Engine Optimization — making web pages rank in Google and other search engines.

SME

Small and Medium Enterprise — the backbone of African economies.

Startup OS

An end-to-end platform that handles building, launching, and scaling a startup.

USSD

Unstructured Supplementary Service Data — text-based phone menus that work without internet, critical for African users on feature phones.

Vibe Coding

Describing what you want in plain English and letting AI build the code.

XAF

Central African CFA franc — shared currency across 6 Central African countries.

XOF

West African CFA franc — shared currency across 8 Francophone countries.

Y Combinator

Famous Silicon Valley accelerator that has funded several African startups.